Lisa's Column

How to make your own Arduino UNO PCB – ATMega328p

by Sales pcb hero June 25, 2024

To make your own Arduino UNO PCB using the ATMega328p chip, follow these comprehensive steps: Components Required: ATMega328p IC 16 MHz crystal os...

Posted in #Arduino, circuit

4 Simple transistor amplifier circuit

by Sales pcb hero June 04, 2024

The four-transistor amplifier circuit is a classic example of a complementary push-pull amplifier that demonstrates the basics of audio amplificati...

Posted in circuit

Accurate 1 kHz Square Wave Crystal Oscillator Circuit

by Sales pcb hero June 04, 2024

An accurate 1 kHz square wave crystal oscillator circuit commonly employs a crystal and a frequency divider IC to achieve precise frequency generat...

Posted in circuit

Simple logic analyzer for hobbyists

by Sales pcb hero April 17, 2024

A logic analyzer isn’t a “must-have” tool, especially for hobbyists. Most measurements of logic signals can be made with an oscilloscope. But it do...

Posted in circuit

Controlled Depth Drilling In PCB Manufacturing: Back Drilling

by Sales pcb hero April 08, 2024

Back drilling is a technique used in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing to create controlled depth drilling for specific signal integrity re...

Posted in circuit

Types of Periodic Waveform

by Sales pcb hero March 21, 2024

There are several types of periodic waveforms commonly encountered in electrical engineering and signal processing. Here are the key types: Sinus...

Posted in circuit

Top 10 fundamental operational amplifier circuits

by Sales pcb hero March 20, 2024

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile integrated circuits widely used in analog electronics for various applications. Here are the top 10 ...

Posted in circuit

PWM Cooling-FAN Control and Over Temperature Protection using LM35 and ATTiny13

by Sales pcb hero February 21, 2024

Creating a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) cooling fan controller with over-temperature protection using an LM35 temperature sensor and an ATtiny13 mi...

Posted in circuit, PCB design

Understanding the Single-Phase Full Wave Converter

by Sales pcb hero February 20, 2024

A single-phase full-wave rectifier is a circuit that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Unlike half-wave rectifiers, which u...

Posted in circuit, Components Sourcing

What is the difference between VCC, VEE, VDD, and VSS in microcontroller pins?

by Sales pcb hero January 30, 2024

In electronics, especially when dealing with microcontrollers and integrated circuits (ICs), you will come across various pin designations such as ...

Posted in circuit, circuitdesign, Microcircuit

The working principle of the MCU reset circuit The MCU power-on reset circuit diagram sharing

by Sales pcb hero August 18, 2023

The MCU reset circuit is composed of capacitors connected in series with resistors. From the figure and the nature of "capacitor voltage cannot cha...

Posted in circuit, PCB design