Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile integrated circuits widely used in analog electronics for various applications. Here are the top 10 fundamental operational amplifier circuits:
-
Inverting Amplifier:
- Configured using a single op-amp with the input signal connected to the inverting terminal. The output is the inverted and amplified version of the input signal.
- Configured using a single op-amp with the input signal connected to the inverting terminal. The output is the inverted and amplified version of the input signal.
-
Non-Inverting Amplifier:
- This circuit also involves a single op-amp, with the input signal connected to the non-inverting terminal. The output is the amplified version of the input signal with the same phase.
- This circuit also involves a single op-amp, with the input signal connected to the non-inverting terminal. The output is the amplified version of the input signal with the same phase.
-
Summing Amplifier:
- Utilizes multiple input signals combined with various gain factors to generate a combined output signal that is the sum of the weighted input signals.
- Utilizes multiple input signals combined with various gain factors to generate a combined output signal that is the sum of the weighted input signals.
-
Difference Amplifier:
- Also known as a subtractor, this circuit produces the amplified difference between two input signals by using the inverting and non-inverting input terminals of a single op-amp.
- Also known as a subtractor, this circuit produces the amplified difference between two input signals by using the inverting and non-inverting input terminals of a single op-amp.
-
Integrator Circuit:
- Incorporates an op-amp and a capacitor to perform mathematical integration on the input signal, producing the output signal that represents the integral of the input.
- Incorporates an op-amp and a capacitor to perform mathematical integration on the input signal, producing the output signal that represents the integral of the input.
-
Differentiator Circuit:
- Utilizes an op-amp in conjunction with a capacitor and a resistor to perform mathematical differentiation on the input signal, resulting in an output signal representing the derivative of the input.
-
Instrumentation Amplifier:
- Comprising multiple op-amps, this circuit facilitates the accurate amplification of small differential signals in the presence of common-mode noise.
-
Active Low Pass Filter:
- Uses an op-amp and passive components to attenuate higher frequency signals while allowing lower frequency signals to pass through.
-
Active High Pass Filter:
- Similar to the low pass filter, this circuit attenuates lower frequency signals while allowing higher frequency signals to pass through.
-
Comparator Circuit:
- This circuit utilizes an op-amp to compare two input voltages and produce a digital output based on the comparison results.
These fundamental op-amp circuits serve as building blocks for a wide range of electronic systems, and their understanding is crucial for both students and practicing engineers in the field of analog circuit design.