Resistors:
- Color coding to determine resistance value.
- Used to limit current or create voltage drops.
Capacitors:
- Store electrical energy.
- Measured in farads.
Inductors:
- Store energy in a magnetic field.
Diodes:
- Allow current to flow in one direction.
Transistors:
- Used for amplification and switching.
Integrated Circuits (ICs):
- Complex circuits on a single chip.
Ohm's Law: V = IR (Voltage = Current x Resistance).
Kirchhoff's Laws: For current and voltage in circuits.
Power Formulas: P = VI (Power = Voltage x Current).
Frequency and Period: f = 1/T (Frequency = 1 / Period).
Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, etc. for digital circuits.
This is just a brief overview, and electronics is a vast field with many more components and concepts.