How Do Different Materials Bond Together in a Hybrid PCB

As we all know, ceramic, copper, FR4, PI, and PTFE are different materials and have different physical properties. How do these different materials bond together?

Different materials bond together through phase-change in the connection areas. Phase-change means under high temperatures, different materials melt and cure so that they integrate.

laminate embedded hybrid PCB

You should know that in the PCB manufacturing process, lamination is under high temperatures and pressure. During lamination, in the connection areas, prepreg (PP) and the PCB base materials phase change and integrate, such as FR4, ceramics, copper, aluminum, PTFE, and PET.

PCBs for thermal management solutions also use special PP that has more than 3W/mK of thermal conductivity to connect different PCB materials.